Similarities and differences between colon cancer and rectal cancer

Colon and rectum are at different stages of the large intestine, colon, rectum collectively referred to as colorectal cancer, is a common digestive tract cancer. The large intestine in the digestive tract of the lower segment, about 1.5 meters, starting in the right iliac fossa from the ileum, like the box-shaped set in the entire abdominal cavity. In order to diagnose on clinical needs and estimate the prognosis and surgical anatomy of the convenience of colorectal cancer will be roughly divided into right colon cancer (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, hepatic flexure of colon, transverse colon right half part); left colon ( left part of the transverse colon, colon splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon), distal sigmoid colon to the rectum is the end of the large intestine.

In many countries, colon cancer, rectal cancer after lung cancer, accounting for male and female total cancer mortality in second place. Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in men and women are likely to suffer from colon cancer. Aged over 50 years of age is colon cancer-prone populations. In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer also showed a rising trend, especially in some fast-growing cities and regions, such as Shanghai, the incidence of colorectal cancer by the fourth common rose to third place the past, colorectal cancer accounted for 70% of rectal cancer, colon cancer accounts for 30%, 90 years since the proportion of colon and rectal cancer incidence has been equally divided.

Clinical manifestations:

First, the performance of rectal cancer in the rectum to stimulate the symptoms, stool frequency increased, amorphous stool, stool shape change, note thinning, defecation effort. Later, there may be blood in the stool, rectal cancer will be more blood, color, mostly dark red, accompanied by mucus, and some even blood that is discharged mucus. If there is obstruction of intestine, then the symptoms of intestinal obstruction occurs, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, stop defecation, exhaust. The hemorrhoids bleeding as the blood volume of less. There are large amount of bleeding, and rare.

Cancer mostly consumed as the main performance, for example, anemia, weight loss, fatigue, fever and other manifestations, abdominal palpable mass, in order to fecal or cancer. Early colon cancer showed more change in bowel habits, alternating dry and diarrhea, they can be mixed with dark red blood, and then mixed in together, late bowel obstruction symptoms occur. Hemorrhoids bleeding as the blood on it before the emergence of non-mixed with the stool. "" "" More

Elimination of unhealthy lifestyles, the prevention of colorectal cancer

An important way to prevent colorectal cancer is to eliminate cancer-promoting factors, to maintain healthy eating habits, should be eat potato, sweet potato, corn, fruit, fresh vegetables and other foods rich in carbohydrate and crude fiber of the food, these foods in the intestine stay a short time, which will help to exclude bowel toxins. Try to eat less fried, smoked, high-fat, high-protein foods, do not eat the possibility of corruption of fruits, vegetables and foods. "" "" More to maintain a healthy lifestyle: an appropriate increase physical activity, maintain a regular pace of life, tobacco and alcohol, weight control.

At high risk of colorectal cancer are: 30 to 40 years of age, more common over the age of 60, with gastrointestinal symptoms; a history of colorectal cancer were; a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, such as adenomas, ulcerative colitis , schistosomiasis persons; have a family history of cancer, family history of polyps, hereditary colon patients; have a history of pelvic radiotherapy; a gallbladder or a history of appendectomy.

The cause of colorectal cancer is not clear, the incidence of a variety of factors, current domestic and international experts believe that genetic factors, environmental factors, dietary habits and lifestyle play a synergistic role in its pathogenesis. With the improvement of living standards, there is growing emphasis on nutritional intake of crude fiber in food less and less in rural areas and because patients tend to eat too much pickle easily lead to colorectal cancer from occurring. High-fat, high protein, low-fiber diet, diet low in calcium and vitamin D is to increase colorectal cancer risk factors. Present study suggests that intake of vitamin A, C, E and reducing the incidence of colon cancer have a certain relationship. Smoked, pickled, fried food and the incidence of colorectal cancer are closely related. In addition, the pesticide contamination in food, food additives such as unreasonable may also cause the occurrence of colorectal carcinoma.

Early detection and early treatment, the effect can be very good

Active treatment of colorectal diseases such as ulcerative colitis, intestinal adenomas are also very critical. If the existence of colorectal cancer risk factors, such as colon cancer or familial polyposis, ulcerative colitis, should regularly go to the hospital consultation or examination, in order to control their own physical condition. "" "" More blood in the stool of patients with colorectal cancer is often the first symptom, followed by the change in bowel habits, including the stool of time, frequency of change, and constipation or diarrhea of unknown causes.

In addition there blood in the stool, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distension, bowel, abdominal pain, anemia, fatigue and other symptoms of the need for timely checkups, the age of more than 35 years of age shall annually do a fecal occult blood screening and DRE. Check the above two is the early detection of colorectal cancer the most simple means. The targeted family history, colitis, Crohn's disease, longer than the colon adenoma and polyps, as well as blood in the stool, constipation, abdominal distension and other high-risk groups, it is recommended to be done once a year fiber colonoscopy in order to more accurately detect early cancer . Early colorectal cancer 5-year survival rate above 80%, the medium-term colorectal cancer 5-year survival rate 70%, while the 5-year survival rate of advanced colorectal cancer, less than 50%. Therefore, early treatment of colorectal cancer was very satisfactory.

Surgical methods can be divided into the traditional open surgery and minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, traditional surgical maturity, mode of operation more intuitive. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been carried out since, with the accumulation of experience and equipment, improvement of range of applications in surgery continue to grow. With laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer, not only can achieve the same radical with the standard open surgery, and trauma, less bleeding, bowel function quick recovery, short hospital stay, operative field clear, but the effect and the minimally invasive long-term survival rates are similar to traditional surgery by surgeons in patients with welcome and the attention to be more rapid popularization and application. At the same time the emergence of new chemotherapy drugs, to the improvement of an effective role in colorectal cancer also increased the possibility of curing the patient.