Select the correct surgical treatment of bladder cancer

At present, the treatment of bladder cancer surgery is still mainly in clinical work, according to tumor stage, grade, pathological type, location, with or without involving the adjacent organs and the patient's condition and so a comprehensive analysis, the scope of the development of specific surgical and treatment programs:

1. Transurethral surgery ① electrocautery method: making the process of cystoscopy, such as found in superficial non-invasive papillary tumor (Ta period), a single or few in number and scattered in the tumor, tumor volume in more than 1cm , and can also use electrocautery transurethral electrocautery device therapy. ② Transurethral Resection: apply to about 2cm or pedunculated papilloma block, mulberry-shaped sessile small tumors, yet violations of deep muscle (T2 period) of superficial bladder cancer. Can be used resectoscope transurethral resection.

2. Bladder partial excision and fulguration of transurethral surgery with the scope of application similar to that of shallow infiltration, a low degree of malignancy, Kitty relatively thin bladder papilloma.

3. Partial cystectomy for a more limited range of invasive papillary carcinoma, bladder cancer should be away from the Triangle area and bladder neck distant. Invasion depth of no more than peripheral fat layer of the bladder is limited. If necessary, feasible, ureterovesical anastomosis.

4. Cystectomy for tumor extend beyond the above range of surgical methods to adapt to the tumor in the bladder trigone and bladder neck invasion, tumors have been to the surrounding lymph node metastasis, recurrent tumors, etc., should be used radical cystectomy surgery. Of the severed ureter to urinary diversion for ureteral transplantation surgery. Common diversion surgery are: ① ureter skin ostomy; ② bladder rectum and sigmoid colostomy; ③ rectum pouch; ④ ileal bladder surgery; ⑤ controlled ileal pouch neobladder.